U.S. Tactical Strength Needs to Grow Dealing with China

Key conservatives warn that U.S. tactical nuclear capabilities are insufficient to counter China’s rapidly expanding arsenal. China has tripled its nuclear arsenal in the past five years and plans to have 1,000 warheads by 2030. America’s newest nuclear weapon is over 35 years old, with many systems meant to be retired in the 1980s. The U.S. removed tactical nuclear weapons from Korea in 1991 and has reduced its arsenal by 85% since the Cold War.

America’s Aging Nuclear Arsenal

A growing chorus of conservative voices is warning the incoming Trump administration about a critical national security gap: the United States lacks sufficient tactical nuclear weapons to counter China’s expanding military presence in the Indo-Pacific region. As China rapidly builds its nuclear capabilities, the U.S. continues to rely on an arsenal largely unchanged since the Cold War era. According to a recent Heritage Foundation analysis, America’s nuclear deterrence capability has become dangerously outdated while China has been methodically modernizing and expanding its own nuclear forces.

The United States has reduced its nuclear arsenal by approximately 85% since the end of the Cold War. This reduction included the complete removal of tactical nuclear weapons from South Korea in 1991, a move that now appears increasingly problematic as tensions in the region escalate. Military planners are now wrestling with concerning scenarios, including the possibility of China using tactical nuclear weapons against strategic American assets such as the Air Force base in Guam.

China’s Nuclear Buildup

While the United States has been reducing its nuclear capabilities, China has been doing the opposite. Intelligence reports indicate China has tripled its nuclear arsenal over just the past five years. Even more concerning, Beijing is projected to expand its nuclear stockpile to approximately 1,000 warheads by 2030. This rapid expansion represents a fundamental shift in China’s military doctrine and poses significant challenges to American security interests in the Indo-Pacific region.

“Like a 1975 Cadillac bought by our grandfather, we’ve been keeping America’s strategic deterrence on life support.”

China’s nuclear modernization goes beyond simply increasing numbers. Beijing is advancing both its strategic and tactical nuclear capabilities, including the development of anti-ship nuclear weapons designed to target American naval assets. The Chinese military is also investing in space-based platforms that could dramatically reshape the nuclear balance of power. These developments have caught the attention of U.S. military planners, who now face the challenge of adapting American defense posture to address these emerging threats.

Divided American Focus

Security experts point to America’s prolonged focus on the Middle East as a key factor in its failure to adequately address emerging threats in the Indo-Pacific region. For decades, U.S. military planning, equipment procurement, and strategic thinking have been dominated by counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations in the Middle East, leaving America unprepared for great power competition with China.

“Part of this is a hangover from what I call endless wars, where, instead of having that strong deterrence, we got involved with, you know, a quarter-century of endless conflict that caused a great toll, both in terms of blood and treasure.”

Senator Deb Fischer, a Republican from Nebraska, highlighted this strategic misstep: “We had Russia, we thought, under control with the breakup of the Soviet Union. We always thought China would be an economic threat.” This assessment reflects how American policymakers fundamentally misjudged the nature of the Chinese threat, failing to anticipate Beijing’s military ambitions while focusing primarily on economic competition.

The Path Forward

Conservative national security experts are calling for a comprehensive modernization of America’s nuclear arsenal. This would include replacing outdated warheads and missiles, many of which have exceeded their intended service life by decades. The Heritage Foundation video specifically advocates for modernizing the U.S. strategic arsenal to ensure America maintains credible deterrence against China’s growing capabilities.

Beyond nuclear weapons themselves, there are calls for strengthening the U.S. Navy based on actual strategic needs rather than contractor influence. A stronger naval presence in the Indo-Pacific would complement updated nuclear capabilities and signal American resolve to defend its interests and allies in the region. Military analysts emphasize that a robust demonstration of American military strength is essential to deter not only China but also other adversaries, including Russia, Iran, and North Korea.

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